There are a lot of good hearty meatless dishes that are stick-to-your-ribs enough that nobody will care, in my opinion. For instance:
West African Peanut Stew
big can of tomatoes, chopped up
1/4 cup unsweetened peanut butter (or more if you want it thicker)
1 big peeled chunk of ginger, diced
some winter squash, peeled and cut into chunks
some onions
some green peppers
some potatoes
(some black-eyed peas, if you want to sneak beans in)
(add garlic if you like)
Brown onions and peppers. Add in everything else, being careful to dissolve the peanut butter. Stew on low heat for an hour or two. Add salt, pepper, and cayenne to taste. Mmmmm. Very rich and cheap to make. Sounds like a weird combination, but delicious. Serve over rice, or just in a bowl.
You can tell I'm a fan of the ethnic foods, but also there just tend to be a lot more hearty meatless things there. Another fine thing to do is, if you can find Thai curry pastes (they sell green curry and red curry in the grocery stores often... the Roland brand is very cheap and tasty, or sometimes all I can find is "Thai Kitchen" which is delicious but very spicy) make a quick curry stew with coconut milk. Very satisfying and filling, but stretches meat. I generally do something like (not always all of these things at once, but this general idea):
a couple spoons of green curry paste
a can of coconut milk
onions
ginger
garlic
potatoes
green peppers
chunks of eggplant
chick peas
(canned bamboo shoots... cheap if you can find them)
frozen peas
some chicken
Stew together until delicious. If you can't find the curry paste, it's not half bad with Indian curry powder either. Different, and not "authentic," but who cares? Tasty!
Also, I know you said you don't want to mess with fake meats. But I gotta tell you, I keep a bag of TVP around for cheap meals. It doesn't taste like anything, but it's chewy in a similar way to ground beef. Particularly in soups and stews and sauces that have ground beef in them, if you replace some of the beef with TVP, you really can barely tell it's there, and will have a hard time figuring out what's beef and what's TVP. They both soak up the sauce and taste like what they're in, and the TVP will taste like beef if it's cooked with beef. In any case, a thought.